The New Monday Quiz XVI

1. After they died in 1416, the guys who made this illustration were forgotten for about 400 years.  Since then, their reputation has been steadily on the rise, and they are highly regarded by most modern observers, including the voters of the Infinite Art Tournament.  Who were they?

2. A military retreat over perhaps 9000 kilometers of difficult terrain in 1934 and 1935 established the reputation of the man who would later become the Chairman of the Communist Party of China. What is this event usually called?

3. What language is this written in?  (note: you may assume, for the purposes of this one specific question, that I am not being tricksy.)

4. Its 27 chapters lay out rules of sacrifice, a code of purity and cleanliness, and laws of religious, social, and sexual behavior. What book are we talking about here?

5. What phenomenon would this diagram explain, if the circles were properly labelled?

[Yow!  I messed up this question and good!  It is still answerable, of course, but it doesn't fit the letter of the week.  -10:30 PDT]

6. This symbiotic "composite organism" has been memorably described as "fungi that have discovered agriculture." What's the word for this strange but very common stuff?

7. "Certainly it hurts. The trick, William Potter, is not minding that it hurts." Name the movie.

8. They all have hundreds of millions alveoli, which gives them a large surface area -- generally more than fifty square meters -- where gas exchange can occur. What do you call yours?

9. I covered up the name of this country's capital, because I didn't want it to be too easy for you.  What country is this?

10. Who said "How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is to have a thankless child!"