The Thursday Quiz XXXIX

This Thursday Quiz has been spell-checked for your protection.

The Thursday Quiz!

The Thursday Quiz is an "Is It or Isn't It" game. From the list of twelve items, your job is to determine whether each IS or ISN'T a true example of the week's category.

Remember always Your Obligations With Regards to Others:

No research, Googling, Wikiing, or use of reference books. The Thursday
Quiz is a POP quiz. Violators will have to make it on their own.

This Week's Category will end the fighting, once and for all.

Treaties

Is it is, or is it ain't, a truthy description of an actual treaty?

1. Treaty of Verdun, 843. Charlemagne's grandsons partition his empire into a Western Realm, which will eventually become France, an Eastern Realm, which will much later become Germany, and a Middle Realm, which fragments almost immediately.

2. Treaty of Constantinople, 1011. Establishes the Ottoman Empire as the successor state to the Byzantine Empire, and gives it authority over modern Turkey, Egypt, and the area we now call the Middle East.

3. Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494. Spain and Portugal divide ownership rights to the non-Christian world between themselves along a vaguely defined north-south meridian. The non-Christian world is not consulted.

4. Peace of Westphalia, 1648. A pair of treaties ending both the Thirty Years' War in Germany and the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Netherlands. These settlements imply that it is countries, rather than monarchs, that are sovereign, and are therefore an important step in the creation of the international order we know and love today.

5. Treaty of Paris, 1783. Some guys meet in a hotel in Paris to sign a treaty formally ending the American Revolutionary War.

6. Treaty of Madrid, 1817. Newly powerful in the wake of the War of 1812, the United States of America forces the European powers to renounce all current and future colonial claims in the Western Hemisphere. Also known as the "Monroe Doctrine," after the American President James Monroe, this is the oldest international treaty still considered to still be in force.

7. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848. Under military occupation after the Mexican-American War, Mexican officials know that the U.S. government is considering total annexation of their country. The only option available to them is to swallow hard and sign this treaty, ceding the less-populated northern half of their territory to the victors.

8. First Geneva Convention, 1864. Tired of seeing wounded soldiers die horribly after battles from thirst, exposure, or bayonet thrust, sixteen countries get together to create rules for truces and the provision of medical assistance to enemy combatants. Later conventions will establish protocols for the treatment of prisoners of war and for the treatment of civilians during wartime.

9. Treaty of Bonn, 1887. Ends the Franco-Prussian War, but creates long-term European tensions by forcing Germany to pay enormous reparations and cede three provinces to the victorious French.

10. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 1918. The newly-created Soviet Union pulls out of World War I under humiliating circumstances, ceding huge chunks of Eastern Europe to Germany and the Axis powers. Although the treaty remains in effect for less than a year, it catastrophically sours the new country's relationships with Western Europe and the U.S. as well as with the population in the ceded territories, who must be essentially reconquered in the vicious Russian Civil War.

11. Treaty of Rome, 1957. Six European countries establish the European Economic Community, an independent organization for economic cooperation and one of the predecessors of the European Union.

12. Treaty of Beijing, 1972. At a summit skillfully orchestrated by U.S. President Richard Nixon, the Western powers finally recognize China as an independent country and extend full diplomatic relations for the first time in more than 500 years.

Submit your answers to the court of world opinion in the comments.